Why is initialization necessary for variables in C?

Initialization is crucial for variables in C because it ensures they hold a predictable value before being used in the program. In C, if a variable is declared but not initialized, it may contain a garbage value—random data left in the memory location. This can lead to unpredictable behavior when the variable is utilized in calculations or logic statements, potentially causing errors or crashes.

By initializing variables, programmers can avoid these issues by explicitly setting them to a known value, such as zero or any other meaningful initial value relevant to the program’s context. This predictability is essential for debugging and ensuring the correctness of the program's logic. Additionally, it contributes to the overall reliability of the code, making it easier to read and maintain.