When conducting model validation, one must ensure which of the following?

In the context of model validation, ensuring that the model aligns with theoretical expectations is critical because it indicates that the model accurately represents the underlying processes it aims to simulate or replicate. Validation involves comparing the model's outputs to known or expected behaviors based on established theories or empirical data. If a model aligns with theoretical expectations, it enhances confidence in the model's reliability and usefulness for forecasting or analysis in real-world scenarios.

A model that does not align with theoretical expectations may lead to incorrect conclusions or predictions, which can have significant implications depending on the application area, such as engineering, economics, or scientific research. Therefore, demonstrating consistency with established theories is essential for validating the model’s integrity and applicability.