What is the key difference between static and dynamic analysis?

The key difference between static and dynamic analysis lies in how they deal with the behavior of systems under different conditions. Static analysis is specifically concerned with systems that are in equilibrium, meaning that all forces acting on the system are balanced, and there is no movement over time. In this context, parameters such as loads, moments, and support reactions are treated as constant, providing a snapshot of the system's behavior at a specific moment.

Dynamic analysis, on the other hand, is focused on systems that experience motion or changes over time. It incorporates the effects of time-varying forces and inertial effects on moving components, making it necessary to account for acceleration, velocity, and changes in load conditions as the system evolves. This means that dynamic analysis is often more complex due to the need to solve differential equations that describe motion and forces as functions of time.

This distinction encapsulates the essence of the two types of analysis. While both are essential in engineering to assess and design safe and effective structures and systems, they apply different principles based on whether the system is changing or remaining at rest. Understanding this foundational difference is crucial for engineers working in areas such as structural analysis, mechanical design, and various dynamic systems.