What is mesh refinement in finite element analysis?

Mesh refinement in finite element analysis involves the process of increasing the number of elements in the mesh to achieve improved solution accuracy. In finite element analysis, the underlying model is divided into a mesh, consisting of smaller, simpler elements. When dealing with complex geometries or when high gradients of stress, temperature, or other variables occur in a model, it can be beneficial to refine the mesh. This means employing smaller elements in critical areas, allowing for a more detailed representation of the problem.

By using more elements, the finite element method can capture variations within the solution field more effectively, leading to potentially more accurate results. This is particularly important in areas of interest where the solution may change rapidly, ensuring that the numerical results reflect the true behavior of the system being analyzed.

The other choices do not convey the primary purpose of mesh refinement. Reducing calculation time is generally associated with different strategies such as coarser meshes or more efficient algorithms, while simplification of geometries focuses on the initial setup phase of the model rather than its discretization through mesh refinement. Strategies for splitting equations relate to numerical methods rather than the enhancement of mesh resolution in finite element analysis.